Othello Research Paper Example

Othello Research Paper Example Othello Paper Othello Paper In Othello, Shakespeare portrays the effect of power on many of the characters. In the play Iago is seen to be the dominant character that uses his power to manipulate fellow characters by his effective use of language and actions. In the play officially Othello has more power than Iago due to the rankings of the army. Shakespeare also explores the different types of power in the play, such as sexual power, military rank and emotional manipulation. Shakespeare shows that although there is a high level of power within different characters there are many different ways in which this power is used and abused. Shakespeares presentation of power in the play is shown in a variety of different ways. One of the main demonstrations of power is shown by the male dominance over women and the control men possess over women. This is shown through Bianca as her status in the play is no more than a prostitute I marry her? What! A customer? here Cassio showing no loyalty towards Bianca. In the play women are degraded due to their gender in addition Shakespeare shows how financially dependant women were upon men, reflecting the early views in the Venetian society, this was a common perspective of the view men held of women in the early 18th century, this act is shown through Iago and Emilias relationship by the power Iago has over Emilia and uses to control her Be wise and get you home he states this which shows the natural instinct of power that he has over Emilia. Manipulation is one of the important themes of the play it is very common and is used in various ways. Shakespeare presents manipulation through Iagos language and his deceiving actions. Iago uses his manipulative language and actions to find control over the fellow characters for different reasons in the play. One aspect of Iagos manipulative language is that he states brief sentences encouraging the person to jump to conclusions Cassio, my lord? No, sure I cannot think that he would steal away so guilty like seeing you coming this is indicated towards Othello, where Iagos language is seen to be supportive towards Othello however the audience can see that Othello is being manipulated in to believing that Cassio is seen to be guilty. One other strategy of Iagos manipulative language is dropping brief hints mentioning something in hope encouraging the opposing character to wander on and lead them to assumptions when he says Ha I like not that Iago is manipulating Othello in to believing that Cassio is doing something wrong and making Othello wonder what he is actually doing, this is showing the strong position of power Iago is in. The audience can see Iagos manipulation in action as he shouts towards Brabantio that Othello has taken his daughter away signifying it to be a bad thing with his choice of words Awake! What ho, Brabantio! Thieves, thieves! indicating towards Othello that he is something so hideous and that Brabantio needs to take action. The result of Brabantios anger was lead from Desdemona avoiding her fathers choice of marriage and choosing to marry Othello who is a Moor, not a Venetian, which automatically lowers his stature from Brabantios view, Brabantio wanted to be the person to find Desdemona a rich husband who can carry on the chain of the familys wealth where as Desdemona chooses Othello who is an army general where he does not have a lot of money, only some prestige. In addition, he is old; he was also Brabantios friend. The thought that could have ran through Brabantios head would have been that Army life would keep both of them out of Venice, and prevent him from seeing his daughter, or future grandchildren. These are the reason that resulted his severe anger towards Othello and Desdemona eloping. Through Shakespeares use of soliloquies we can see Iagos true intentions allowing the audience to not be deceived as the rest of the characters in the play. This allows the audience to sympathise with Othello, as we know the truth of Iagos ways and deceptions which gives the audience the power of judgment for my sport and profit Iago states how he is going to use his power to manipulate Rodrigo. The audience has in view to his sadistic ways of control over characters; also seen is his intelligence and psychological analysis allowing the manipulation of characters. Rodrigos love for Desdemona is manipulated by Iagos power and deception. Rodrigo who offered his hand in marriage to Desdemona and was rejected, my daughter is not for thee. Now his love is married to the valiant moor Rodrigo continues to believe he can attain her love and is willing to do anything to achieve his lustful objective by Iago assuring Rodrigo that as soon as Desdemonas blood is made dull with the act of sport, she will lose interest in Othello and seek sexual satisfaction elsewhere. Iago plays on Rodrigos love for Desdemona as he knows that he would do anything to get Desdemona, this means that Iago is able to use Rodrigo to his advantage but by deceiving and lying to him he makes Rodrigo believe that he may be able to finally get Desdemona, for his own advantages. Put money in thy purse because of Iagos power over Rodrigo he is able to take what his heart desires to his own advantages. The entrapment of Cassio is one of the important parts of Shakespeares presentation of power, this act between Iago and Cassio shows the significance of power because Cassio who is basically controlled by Iago leading him to be one of the causes to the downfall of Othello. The reason why Cassio is believed to be one of the main part of Othellos downfall due to the course of Iago encouraging Cassio to drink which would lead Iago to play his manipulative part, Cassio previously stated that he does not do well when he is drunk I have very poor and unhappy brains for drinking Cassio explains to Iago that he cannot handle drinking, this however convinced Iago that getting Cassio drunk he would cause potential obstruction towards Othello and Desdemonas relationship however this is one of Iagos sadistic ways in addition his other cruel objective is believed to be that he wants to destroy Othello emotionally and mentally. Iago uses his military status to his advantage, as he is in the army in which fellow characters in the play are intimidated by him this however is his key strategy to manipulate and deceive them, the reasons to why Iago is out to destroy Othello would be jealousy, jealousy because of Othello being higher ranked, being with Desdemona and jealous that fellow troops and people show him respect even though he is black. With Iagos jealousy it breaks down to power and how he uses that power to get what he wants, how he uses his power is shown through out the play through his spiteful language and deviant actions. One of the reasons Iago develops hate for Othello is when he promoted Cassio instead of him forsooth, a great arithmetician, one Michael Cassio referring to him with hate by saying he is middle class and not worthy of the job. As Shakespeare presents power in the play largely from Iago other important themes are introduced such as racism, racism is a very important element of the theme power. Othellos race is undoubtedly a source of tension due to being the only black person in that environment, by Othello being black it seems to lead the fellow white characters in the play to be superior towards him even though Othello is higher ranked then most of them. The lack of respect they show towards Othello shows they do not treat him like any other but treat him as if he were something else. Evidently we see the lack of respect by the racist remarks shown towards Othello old black ram, thick lips and the moor showing disrespect towards Othello considering themselves to have the right to state these remarks openly concluding to the physiological power they have over him in mind frame, this leads to Othellos vulnerability where he is never forgotten of his racial status and being an outsider from the lack of respect shown towards him. The reason for the racist remarks towards Othello behind his back are that they feel intimidated by him being a strong black person with a big heart and enormous amount of courage and is not afraid to speak his mind. Othello is presented as a powerful man, throughout the play we can see he is not intimidated or feared by anyone, as audiences we can see that he stands his ground and does not have anyone in the play push him around even when they questioned Othello about him taking and marrying Desdemona he still stood his ground and spoke out the truth confidently, he felt that his guilty free conscience will free him from conviction or any other sort of justice send for the lady to the sagittary and let her speak of me before her father showing that he is knows he is right and not afraid that Desdemona will seek justice upon him. As the fellow characters in the play know how powerful he is mentally and emotionally, this is one of the important reasons the state need a person like Othello such as his heart and courage, that is also the reason why Iagos only strategy was to manipulate and control his mind with false information because Iago perhaps knew that he is too dominant to try over powering any other way and the only result was to manipulate and deceive where as Iagos additional victims of control such as Cassio was carried out in a different strategy by getting him drunk and using him as he was vulnerable feeding him false information. The manipulation over Othello was lead by Iago pressurising Othello to believe that the reason Desdemona did not like him was due to his race the also lead him to compare himself to Cassio, him being black and Cassio being white it could have made sense in his mind. Summarising, we can see that Shakespeares presentation of power is one of the important themes in the play indicating towards the power of manipulating, deceiving and controlling these aspects are tend to be seen mostly through Iagos actions, throughout the play we as the audience can see that he tends to manipulate and control wherever he goes also when there is controversy he seems to be the cause of it. Power in the play also collides with other themes in the play such as racism and jealousy these two themes would naturally come from the form of power such as jealousy, looking closely at Iago because of his jealousy of Othello and Desdemonas relationship he is led to over power and manipulate fellow characters in the play to destroy their relationship in addition to racism you can see the obvious status of Othello being the outcast in the play, weighing up the evidence we can see that there are signs of effective racism in the play by the he racist remarks and the unusual treatment towards Othello. Othello is seen to be different in the play because of his race therefore reflects on other decisions such as if Desdemona were to run away with a white person Brabantios reactions would tend to be completely different knowing that he is the same race. Iago is to be hungry for power, and he will do anything to get it. He realizes that by using peoples emotions such as anger and jealousy characters such as Cassio and Rodrigo, he can control them. This led to his rise in power but caused the deaths of Othello, Desdemona, and Rodrigo, eventually leading to his downfall.

How to Prepare with GED Classes Online

How to Prepare with GED Classes Online Basics of Preparing with GED Classes Online: If you want to increase your eligibility for jobs and college entrance, consider preparing for the GED online. Many GED classes online offer exam guide books, practice tests, and other material to help students study for the GED. Can I Take the GED Online?: No. It is important to remember that the GED exam cannot be taken through the internet. Although you may prepare for the GED online, you will need to go to a physical testing center to take the actual exam and earn your certificate. Websites that tell you otherwise are scams. Preparing for the GED Online via the American Council on Education: The American Council on Education facilitates the GED exam. Check out their website for GED online study material including the official practice test and sample questions. The website also lists your local testing center. Preparing for the GED Online with Regional Resources: Many adult education resource centers offer students a way to study for the GED online. They may offer you access to virtual video instruction or help you prepare for the GED online with practice programs. Because these centers are designed to help local students, you’ll need to find one in your area. Preparing for the GED Online with Other Websites: When choosing material to help you study for the GED online, avoid websites that promise to send you a GED without the need for testing.Some reputable GED online practice sites include GEDforFree.com and GED Academy.

Environmental Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Environmental Science - Essay Example 1. The first step is identifying that there is no water supply. The next step is to see the possible causes – leakage/block in pipeline connected to this faucet; damage/clog in the main pipeline supplying water to the house; check for reports in press and media about possible maintenance work by water supply department or break down in power supply, contamination at the source of water supply, higher incidence of water borne diseases being reported. The hypothesis can be physically verified. 2. Principle of Repeatability: Water samples can be collected from a variety of households and tested for the presence of pathogens, their population levels and toxicity. If similar results emerge from a majority of the water samples collected and analysed for the same parameters then the hypothesis may be accepted. 3. A self-centred, consumerist, ‘what’s in it for me’ attitude person, would not want to, or, even be able to understand environmental issues and concerns. The decision to exploit or use a natural resource, not just trees, must definitely, be based on a detailed risk analysis and must also take into consideration the views of the people who are directly dependent and benefit from the resource. 2. Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity & suspended sediments, specific conductivity, hardness. Testing water quality for these parameters gives a general indication of the commercial activities prevalent in the area and is a good indicator of the environmental health of the region. 3. The process of converting atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia is called nitrogen fixation. The fixed nitrogen is then used by plants to convert them into amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids etc. Animals use these to build proteins and other molecules 4. The primary producers and top consumers have not changed. The difference now though, is the unbalanced structure of the food chain and food web

Composition 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Composition 3 - Essay Example The first of the reason that explains why the mood of the boss impacts the employees negatively is that the foul mood of the boss leads to creation of fear and anxiety to the employees (King, 2008). When the boss is in a foul mood and keeps on shouting to the employees and intimidating them in the workplace, employees become fearful of communicating with the boss and even explaining anything to him. This fear leads to anxiety which grows as the foul mood and the negative mood turns contagious to the employees. When the anxiety level of all employees is high, they fail to pay attention to their work. They keep on thinking of what the boss will think or say and hence end up with shady job which negatively affects the performance of the company in general. The mood of the boss according to (Goleman, Boyatzis and McKee, 2002) also affects the employees by creating stress and lack of job satisfaction. As mentioned earlier, fear by the employees leads to anxiety. If the bad mood by the boss continues or even elevates due to the reduction in productivity, it causes harsh comments from the boss who are demeaning and even leading to some employees crying. This eventually leads to creation of stress among the employees. When an individual is living in a stressing environment, the stress increases leading to more medical bills accumulating all of which are added expenses to the company. The stress will also cause the employees to miss work or reduce their performance in the workplace. The other reason that increases the stress levels of the employees is the lack of empathy by the boss who has bad mood. The boss only cares about himself and when it comes to personal issues of the employees, he withdraws, does not show any empathy at all. In order for employees to work well with their boss and even increase their work performance from the good environment of the workplace, the

Universal Human Rights and Cultural Differences

Universal Human Rights and Cultural Differences Since the end of the Second World War, an increasing number of human rights instruments have been adopted, by the United Nations. These instruments have set forth common standards of human rights, and members’ states of the U.N. are called upon to respect in order to ensure better protection of human rights everywhere. But opposite to this trend, there has been a sort of resistance in many parts of the world, where human rights norms are seen as western matter. During the Cool War period, countries of the Soviet block used to consider them as linked to ‘capitalist bourgeoisie’ while young independent nations of the South saw the focus on human rights as a threat to their newly acquired sovereignty. Both sides claimed their right to difference. This raises the issue whether human rights standards should be considered differently because of cultural or differences among peoples. To put it another way, â€Å"are human rights of universal viability and applicability or are they better understood and evaluated within specific social and cultural contexts? What level of social accountability can be accommodated within the emerging global human rights regime to accord it cultural legitimacy within various societies?†1 Voices from the West have pointed out that differences among people did not permit them to meet the Western standards of human rights. It is believed that some cultures are more likely to commit human rights abuses, and for a series of reasons, there are people elsewhere to cover them or to keep silent because of their interest, thus ‘excusing the inexcusable’ which they claim being ‘part of their culture’. The aim of this paper is to sound the long debate on the relationship between universal standards human rights and cultural differences. Firstly, it recalls the foundation on which is grounded the concept of human rights, namely the human dignity, irrespective of culture, race, religion or gender. Secondly, it analyses major arguments put forward by cultural relativists, highlighting their danger, that is, the risk of having double standards of human rights. Finally, in concluding remarks, the paper considers the actual trend of recognizing human rights norms and condemning their abuses (such as female circumcision or sharia), even where people justify them by cultural specificity. I. The universal concept of human rights and the recognition of human dignity The concept of human is grounded on the idea that Man has rights simply because he is human. The universal worth and dignity of human being is founded in the writing of philosophers such as John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau. For the former, â€Å"human beings are by nature free, equal and independent†2, and the protection of that freedom and equality should be the end of the political society. Rousseau also insists on the freedom of the human being and writes that Man should never surrender his freedom: â€Å"A man who renounces to his freedom renounces at his quality as human being†. After bloody revolutions, there were attempts to introduce these concepts in states constitution in England, in France, and in the United States of America. But the first recognition of the need to secure rights for human being was stated in the Charter of the United Nations, following the atrocities of the Second World War. In its Preamble, it is said that one of the purpose of the U.N . is the achievement â€Å"international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedom for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion†. The Universal Declaration on Human Rights is the first instrument on human rights in its preamble presented itself as â€Å"a common standard of achievement for all peoples and nations†. It went further by stating: â€Å"Recognition of the human dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world†. Subsequent instruments such as the Covenant on Civil and political Rights and the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights contained what is usually called ‘core rights’ meaning â€Å"that are indispensable for an existence in human dignity and therefore need absol ute protection†. Among those core rights are the right to life, the prohibition of torture, slavery, arbitrary arrest, discrimination or genocide. No derogation from such rights is permitted, even in time of war. The philosophical foundations of the concept of human rights are to be found in the Western Europe. As Robertson and Merrils write, â€Å"it is clear that the mainstream has its origin in the liberal democratic tradition of Western Europe, a tradition which is itself the product of the Greek philosophy, Roman law, the Judeo-Christian tradition, the humanism of the Reformation and the Age of reason†. It means that the Western World translated into international law its philosophical, moral, cultural and religious value. Questions arise therefore as to their universality that is whether it is possible to take into account the differences while focusing on the common standards of human rights. On the other hand, if cultural differences cannot be denied, it is to establish whether differences can be an excuse to human rights abuses. Who will decide the nature and the level of change to meet universal standards of human rights and how avoid to be labelled /or accused of cultural he gemony? For the relativists, moral and cultural values differ from one culture to another. According to Parekh, â€Å"Different societies throw up different systems of moral beliefs depending on such things as their history, traditions, geographical circumstances, and views of the world. We have no means of judging them for there are no objective and universal criteria available for the purpose, and even if there were, we would be too deeply conditioned by our own society to discover them†. Cultural differences may have an influence on the human rights issues where national competence, the sovereignty of the state or the quest of self-determination are opposed to the idea of universal human rights standards. The 1993 Vienna Conference was an example of arena where, universal principle of human rights clashed with relativistic assumptions. At the eve of that important even, African and Asian groups of nations mate to draw their views they intended to put forward at the conference. In the Tunis Declaration, which reflected both their convictions and their expectations, the African group nations gave a different sound. While admitting that the universality of human rights, they declared that â€Å" no ready-made model can be prescribed at the universal level since the historical and cultural realities of each nation and the traditions, standards and values of each people cannot be disregarded†. They also highlighted the â€Å"principle of the indivisibility of huma n rights†: â€Å" Civil and political rights cannot be dissociated from economic, social and cultural rights. None of these rights takes precedence over the others†. Finally, the Tunis Declaration insisted on the link between human rights and economic development: â€Å"Political freedom when not accompanied by respect for economic, social and cultural rights is precarious. The right to development is inalienable. Human rights, development and international peace are interdependent (†¦) Africa, which has chosen the path of democracy, economic reform and the promotion of human rights, in an unfavourable international economic environment, and which finds itself particularly exposed to internal tensions deriving from the failure to meet the basic needs of populations and from the rise of extremism, will nevertheless remain committed to its choices and its responsibilities, and calls upon the international community to do likewise, in particular through an intensific ation of international solidarity, an adequate increase in development assistance and an appropriate settlement of the debt problem†. In the Bangkok Declaration, Asian group of nations opposed what they saw as Western imperialism and urged the international community to take into account their cultural difference as regard to human rights. While agreeing like Africans that human rights are universal in nature, they insisted that those rights â€Å"must be considered in the context of a dynamic and evolving process of international norm-setting, bearing in mind the significance of national and regional particularities and various historical, cultural and religious backgrounds†. Furthermore, they added, â€Å"the promotion of human rights should be encouraged by cooperation and consensus, and not through confrontation and the imposition of incompatible values†. Finally, criticising â€Å"the use of human rights as conditionality for extending development assistance and as an instrument of political pressure†, the Bangkok Declaration stressed â€Å" the need to avoid the application of double sta ndards in the implementation of human rights and its politicisation†. Indonesian Foreign Minister stated later in Vienna: â€Å"While human rights are universal in character, it is now generally acknowledged that their expression and implementation in the national context should remain the competence and responsibility of each government. This means that the complex variety of problems of different economic social and cultural realities and the unique value systems prevailing in each country should be taken into consideration†12. One may draw the conclusion that for Southern countries, priority has to be given to the satisfaction of basic needs for food, shelter, clothes before other rights such as freedom of expression and fair elections. One may even go so far to consider Western concepts of human rights as luxury for poor countries, because â€Å"cultural

The Importance of Learning Organization

L & D Assignment 2: The Importance of Learning Organization A learning organization works with ideas i. e. it comes up with new ideas on all levels, disseminates these new ideas across the organization and finally inculcates these new ideas into operations by embedding them in its policies processes and reviews. It has structured mechanisms and processes put in place to generate knowledge and it takes this new knowledge as a basis of responding to the change in its business environment. A learning organization as per its formal definition is skilled at two things which are as follows: a. Creating, acquiring, interpreting, transferring and retaining knowledge which is relevant to its business processes for enable it to achieve its business objective in an efficient manner. b. ) Acting or modifying its behaviour as an organization to respond to that new knowledge and insights. To be a successful organization one must monitor its processes and make sure that they are efficient. A learni ng organization observes its business processes and learns where it is efficient and where it is not.It encourages organizations to shift to a more interconnected way of thinking. A learning organization has five main features; systems thinking, personal mastery, mental models, shared vision and team learning. In the article â€Å"Is yours a learning organization† the authors David Garvin and Amy Edmondson described the three building blocks of learning which fosters the creation of a learning organization which are as follows: a. ) A supportive learning environment b. ) A concrete learning processes and practices c. Leadership that reinforces learning Importance of learning organization in current business context: Ray Stata, the confounder and chairman of the board of Analog Devices once quoted â€Å"The rate at which organizations learn may become the only sustainable source of competitive advantage. † In highly competitive current business scenario products and ser vices can easily be copied or emulated by the competitors. Even processes can be copied for example Six sigma is easily available and accessible to anyone for implementation.Thus the only source of sustainable competitive advantage for any organization is rapid pace of learning and the execution of this new knowledge in its internal processes. Furthermore, the current business environment is evolving at a very rapid pace due to globalization, deregulation and evolution of new business paradigms. As an organization the only way to survive and compete in this business environment is to have a rate of learning which is greater than this rate of change of the business environment. Barriers in being a learning organization: The idea of a learning organization is been around for quite some time.The discussion about the learning organization has been around for almost 4 decades but there were certain shortcomings and limitations of in these ideas of learning organizations. As a result of w hich these ideas have failed to bring about little concrete change as they should have. Firstly, the fundamental fallacies with these initial ideas were that they were abstract concepts without concrete prescriptions for actions for the organizations. For an organization to be able to change, it needs to know the steps necessary to solve the problems it faces.Secondly, these initial concepts of learning organization were aimed at the top managements of the organization without including the middle level managers. These managers heading divisions, departments and projects where the real critical work of the organization happens. Their inclusion was very necessary because these are the people who are primarily responsible for generation of business intelligence at the operational level. Thirdly, there was real lack or standards or tools through which the managers can assess how well they were doing on being a learning organization. An Ideal learning organization:The concept of perfect ion is in itself elusive as no individual or organization cannot ever claim to be perfect no matter how good they are. However, the one organization which comes very close to becoming a ideal learning organization is General Electric (GE). Infact, In his last letter to the shareholders Jack Welch wrote that I finally understand why we as an organization are so successful. The reason is that we are an learning organization. They have all three building blocks (processes, environment and leadership) which is prerequisite to become a successful learning organization. Role of management in building Learning Organization:Managers can help their teams have a supportive learning environment. In particular, the concept of psychological safety where the perceive that the workplace environment one that is comfortable for asking questions, making mistakes and floating of new ideas related their job role responsibilities. Basically, the managers facilitate the creation of a workplace environmen t which is conducive to taking personal risks by the employees that it is absolutely essential for learning. The managers should make conscious efforts to help people be comfortable with the risks which are present in the workplace today.So that the employees can engage in the learning processes without fear. Apart from a supportive learning environment the managers can also put in place concrete processes and procedures for experimentation, sharing knowledge and best practices across the organization and ways of reflecting on what we have learned from past expierence. Each of these are systematic processes where companies generate ideas, respond to new knowledge and reflect on what they have already learnt. In some organisations a lack of a learning culture can be a barrier to learning.An environment must be created where individuals can share learning without it being devalued and ignored, so more people can benefit from their knowledge and the individuals becomes empowered. A lea rning organization needs to fully accept the removal of traditional hierarchical structures. As a manager the most ideal way to start implementation of the concept of Learning organization in its organization is to start within his/her own department by modelling the behaviours of learning himself like showing curiosity, asking a questions and laying emphasis on disruptive innovation.This kind of leadership at department levels creates the environment where more structured kind of processes to build a learning organization can take form. References: 1. ) Garvin, David A. â€Å"Building a learning organization. † Harvard Business Review (1993). 2. ) Garvin, David A. , Amy C. Edmondson, and Francesca Gino. â€Å"Is yours a learning organization. † Harvard Business Review (2008). 3. ) Darling, Marilyn, Charles Parry, and Joseph Moore. â€Å"Learning in the thick of it. † Harvard Business Review (2005).

Dorothy Smith s Approach Challenges Sociological Theory

Dorothy Smith’s approach challenges Sociological Theory and the way it has been constructed. She offered a framework to close the gap between the objective knowledge and the personal experiences that people encounters in everyday life. Most importantly, Smith challenges one of the most traditional sociological discourses of male dominance through the use of concepts, theologies, and textual concepts that confines human behavior. Her framework known as institutional ethnography constitutes that bridge between the macro and micro level in society. She also focuses in marginal groups from the micro level and the way their agency is conceptualized to and dominated by the macro level’s ruling relations. She takes women and her experiences to rebuild this framework from a standpoint of inquiry rather than social scientific inquiry. At the end, she sets forward a new goal for marginal groups inner circle to be interconnected with the subjective world and influencing the ongoin g theoretical method to find the overall meaning of women. She doesn’t only challenge the official and personal texts mediating the relation of ruling between the abstract theories and the standpoint of women, but she challenges women to be part of a sociological turn for them instead of contributing the limitations of sociological discourses and theories. While constructing the standpoint inquiry framework, Smith changes the perspective about traditional sociological theories. 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